TNF是一種介導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng)和細(xì)胞凋亡的細(xì)胞因子。最新研究表明，TNF在多種疾病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展中扮演著重要角色，包括炎癥性疾病、自身免疫疾病、感染和腫瘤等。近年來，一些新型TNF抑制劑已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于臨床治療，如重癥肺結(jié)核和風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎等，表現(xiàn)出了良好的療效和安全性。此外，一些新型TNF受體結(jié)構(gòu)域融合蛋白的研究也為開發(fā)更有效的TNF抑制劑提供了新思路。

Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6.; The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.

1. Data suggest that luteolytic factors (such as TNFa, interferon gamma, and PGF2a) control expression of MMP1, other matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in cultured luteal cells. PMID: 25924700
2. These results suggest that polymorphism of the TNFalpha-824 A>G gene and mTNFalpha protein expression play an important role in the pathogenesis of enzootic bovine leukosis. PMID: 26618585
3. These results suggest that the endometrium might lower the TNF concentration in the blastocyst by (1) regulating TNF secretion into the uterine fluid and (2) inducing decreased TNF and TNFR2 mRNA transcription in the embryo. PMID: 25589228
4. There was a significant association between the proviral load and a low frequency of the G/G genotype of TNF-alpha at position -824. PMID: 26051703
5. SNP in the TNF-alpha gene affects immune function and reproductive performance in dairy cows. PMID: 24562592
6. Studied genotypic and expression profiling of partial TNF-alpha gene and its association with mastitis susceptibility in 129 crossbred cattle. PMID: 25380461
7. Messenger RNA and protein levels of prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (PGES), PGF2alpha receptor (PGFR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and Fas were found to be higher in the corpus luteum of pregnancy than in corpus luteum of the cycle. PMID: 24856470
8. TNF-alpha up-regulates NaV1.7 mRNA in both adrenal chromaffin cells and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, highlighting the peripheral nociceptive mechanism of TNF-alpha PMID: 24445633
9. These results provide evidence for a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows as well as the involvement of TNFalpha and iNOS pathways in the regulation of this pathological condition. PMID: 24597304
10. Exposure to follicular fluid transiently increased the transcript levels of IL8 and PTGS2, and decreased the expression of SOD2, GPX3, DAB2, and NR3C1. TNF and IL6 levels were also decreased while those of NAMPT were unaffected. PMID: 24186266
11. the effects of lysophopatidic acid on TNFalpha and IFNgamma - induced decrease of progesterone synthesis and on the cytokine - induced apoptosis of the cultured luteal cells. PMID: 23856004
12. potential DNA markers in the improvement of immunity to mastitis PMID: 23758855
13. A role for TNFalpha in intervertebral disc degeneration: a non-recoverable catabolic shift. PMID: 23438440
14. Results indicate that TNF-alpha does not affect autonomous, pulsatile progesterone (P(4)) release, increases P(4) secretion by bovine corpus luteum (CL) with increasing dose & reduces in a dose-dependent manner responsiveness of CL to luteotropic factors. PMID: 21256693
15. The differences in genetic polymorphism of TNFalpha between dairy dairy cattle herds infected and not infected with the bovine leukemia virus are reported. PMID: 22439343
16. These results suggest that TNF-alpha sources include immune cells, as well as large and small luteal cells, and that TNF-RI and TNF-RII are present in the luteal cells of the bovine corpus luteum. PMID: 21551345
17. Role of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha in IL-1beta mediated activation of proMMP-9 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: involvement of an aprotinin sensitive protease. PMID: 21722622
18. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha response to either of two lipopolysaccharide challenges was lower in progesterone-treated than in 17beta-estradiol-treated steers. Xanthine oxidase response to either challenge was greater for estradiol-treated steers. PMID: 21356584
19. The expression and cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and its receptors (TNFRI and TNFRII) mRNAs and proteins, were determined. PMID: 20705117
20. Gene expression changes were observed, but there were no changes in TNFalpha concentrations, which may indicate its local involvement in catabolic adaptation of adipose tissue. PMID: 20579185
21. ALOX5AP, CPNE3, IL1R2, IL6, TLR2, TLR4, and THY1 were upregulated in blood polymorphonuclear cells in negative energy balance versus positive energy balance cows. PMID: 20072847
22. The upregulation of TNFRI mRNA expression by IFNG suggests that TNF and IFNG synergistically affect the death of luteal endothelial cells resulting in acute luteolysis PMID: 20562522
23. aggrecanase activity (a) is responsible for early TNFalpha-dependent aggrecan cleavage and GAG release in the meniscus and (b) might be involved in meniscal degeneration. PMID: 19778432
24. Tumour necrosis factor alpha up-regulates protein kinase R (PKR)-activating protein (PACT) and increases phosphorylation of PKR and eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha in articular chondrocytes PMID: 12440939
25. results support the possibility that tumor necrosis factor-alpha is responsible for the changes in hormone secretion, milk production and composition, and inflammatory parameters observed during coliform mastitis PMID: 12703618
26. TNF-alpha exerts transcriptional, as well as post-transcriptional, effects on eNOS gene expression PMID: 14581470
27. there are TNFalpha receptors in bovine granulosa and theca cells in small, preovulatory and atretic follicles; TNFalpha plays a role in regulating their secretory function PMID: 14967894
28. TNFalpha augments prostaglandin F2alpha and E2 production by bovine endometrial stromal cells partially via induction of NOS with subsequent stimulation of NO-cGMP formation PMID: 15226598
29. TNF binding induces release of AIP1 (DAB2IP) from TNFR1, resulting in cytoplasmic translocation and concomitant formation of an intracellular signaling complex comprised of TRADD, RIP1, TRAF2, and AIPl. PMID: 15310755
30. Levels in milk are altered in the presence of bacteria PMID: 15372997
31. These results suggest that the pattern of plasma TNF-alpha changes that evolve from a low-level double LPS challenge. PMID: 15661839
32. TNFalpha-induced desumoylation and cytoplasmic translocation of HIPK1 are critical in TNFalpha-induced ASK1-JNK/p38 activation PMID: 15701637
33. PKD is a critical mediator in H2O2- but not TNF-induced ASK1-JNK signaling PMID: 15755722
34. Dok-4 has a role as an anchoring molecule for the tyrosine kinase c-Src, and in turn as a regulator of TNF-alpha-mediated ROS production and NF-kappaB activation PMID: 15855164
35. data suggest that an aberrant expression of TNF-alpha might contribute to the progression of bovine leukosis in animals which develop persistent lymphocytosis of B-cells or B-cell lymphosarcoma PMID: 16155729
36. the p38-MAPK/CREB pathway plays a critical role in TNFalpha-induced VCAM-1 expression PMID: 16715652
37. frequency of the TNF-824G allele was higher in cows with bovine leukemia virus -induced lymphoma than asymptomatic carriers; data suggest the polymorphism in the promoter region could in part contribute to progression of lymphoma in BLV-infection PMID: 16839795
38. In endothelial cells TNF-alpha coordinately downregulates nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and argininosuccinate synthase expression, resulting in a severely impaired citrulline-NO cycle. PMID: 17496212
39. The results showed that the expression of TNF-alpha, iNOS, and IL-6 in alveolar macrophages was up-regulated by stimulation with the recombinant Mce4A protein of M. bovis; in contrast, expression of IL-12 was unaffected. PMID: 17530193
40. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation up-regulates the secretion of cytokines by bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes. PMID: 17727806
41. the pathogen causing subclinical mastitis impairs NF-kappaB activation in MEC thereby severely weakening the immune response,induction of IL-8 and TNFalpha, in the udder PMID: 17936907
42. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits oxidative phosphorylation through tyrosine phosphorylation at subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase PMID: 18534980
43. These results indicate that activation of the intrinsic antistaphylococcal response in bovine endothelial cells (BEC), enhanced by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, is effective to eliminate S. aureus and S. epidermidis. PMID: 18625014
44. These results suggest that activation of the signaling pathway initiated by TNF-alpha could play an important role in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus epidermidis. PMID: 19191876
45. TNFalpha seems to play some role as a modulator of PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2) production and for transferring the embryo from the oviduct to the uterus by stimulating NO production in the bovine oviduct. PMID: 19596830
46. The current study suggests the existence of an active TNF-alpha-plasminogen-plasmin autocrine/paracrine loop on the massively infiltrated polymorphonuclear neutrophils inside udders of drying-off cows. PMID: 19638263
47. Mechanical injury potentiates the catabolic effects of TNFalpha and IL-6/sIL-6R in causing proteoglycan degradation in human and bovine cartilage. PMID: 19790045

顯示更多

收起更多

Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted.; [C-domain 1]: Secreted.; [C-domain 2]: Secreted.

Tumor necrosis factor family

KEGG: bta:280943

STRING: 9913.ENSBTAP00000035682

UniGene: Bt.12756