Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<8%
Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<10%
Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.
線性度:
To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of mouse HRG in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
Sample
Serum(n=4)
1:1000
Average %
87
Range %
81-96
1:2000
Average %
89
Range %
83-97
1:4000
Average %
97
Range %
92-103
1:8000
Average %
95
Range %
88-98
回收率:
The recovery of mouse HRG spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.
Sample Type
Average % Recovery
Range
Serum (n=5)
94
89-100
EDTA plasma (n=4)
95
90-99
標準曲線:
These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.
Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions. Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner. Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells. Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells. Inhibits rosette formation. Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Mediates clearance of necrotic cells through enhancing the phagocytosis of necrotic cells in a heparan sulfate-dependent pathway. This process can be regulated by the presence of certain HRG ligands such as heparin and zinc ions. Binds to IgG subclasses of immunoglobins containing kappa and lambda light chains with different affinities regulating their clearance and inhibiting the formation of insoluble immune complexes. Tethers plasminogen to the cell surface. Binds T-cells and alters the cell morphology. Acts as a regulator of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway; inhibits endothelial cell motility by reducing VEGF-induced complex formation between PXN/paxillin and ILK/integrin-linked protein kinase and by promoting inhibition of VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and alpha-actinins in endothelial cells. Also plays a role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor immune surveillance. Normalizes tumor vessels and promotes antitumor immunity by polarizing tumor-associated macrophages, leading to decreased tumor growth and metastasis. Modulates angiogenesis by blocking the CD6-mediated antiangiongenic effect of thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2.
基因功能參考文獻:
HRG binds to alpha2 integrin through low-affinity interactions in a heparin sulfate-independent manner, thereby blocking endothelial cells adhesion to collagen I. PMID: 26051322
Mice deficient in HRG have normal hemostasis, but demonstrate accelerated thrombosis via the contact system. PMID: 25691157
mononuclear phagocytes have specific binding sites for HRG and that these cells are essential for uptake of HRG from blood and distribution of HRG in tissues. Thus, inflammatory cells mediate the effect of HRG on tumor growth and metastatic spread. PMID: 25243896
Results show that HRG is a novel transcriptional target gene of FXR in human hepatoma cells, human upcyteVR primary hepatocytes and 3D human liver microtissues in vitro and in mouse liver in vivo. PMID: 25363753
HRG-deficiency promotes tumor progression via enhanced platelet activity. HRG is a potent tumor suppressor, with capacity to attenuate the angiogenic switch, tumor growth, EMT and subsequent metastatic spread, by regulating platelet activity. PMID: 23793459
CD36-mediated anti-angiogenic activity has context-dependent role in the tumor microenvironment in the presence of TSP-1 while HRG modulates this activity. PMID: 22808089
HRG loss influences macrophage gene regulation, leading to excessive stimulation of tumor angiogenesis, suppression of tumor immune response, and increased tumor growth and metastatic spread PMID: 22374984
the identification and characterization of a novel peptide, VTIP-peptide (VTIP-P), which binds and enhances the activation of CREM/CREB PMID: 19968777
role for HRG as a regulator of inflammation and in the defense at the local site of bacterial infection PMID: 20587784
HRG acts as a soluble adaptor molecule that binds to cells at sites of tissue injury, tumor growth, and angiogenesis PMID: 15220341
CD36 mediates the antiangiogenic effect of thrombospondin-2, which is modulated by histidine-rich glycoprotein PMID: 15748999
HRG plays a role as both an anticoagulant and an antifibrinolytic modifier, and may regulate platelet function in vivo PMID: 15869579
antifungal role of HRG in innate immunity PMID: 18797515
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亞細胞定位:
Secreted.
組織特異性:
Expressed in liver, blood plasma, serum and in platelets. Also present in fibrin clots, wound fluid from acute wounds and chronic leg ulcers.